Mea pepehi pepeke (Acaricide)
Ua emi iho nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides (Acaricides) i kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, a e hoʻomau ia i ka emi ʻana i ka makahiki 2022. Me ka pāpā piha ʻana o nā pesticides ʻawahia he 10 i hala iho nei ma nā ʻāina he nui, e hoʻonui ʻia nā pani no nā pesticides ʻawahia loa; Me ka hoʻokuʻu mālie ʻana o nā mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i ka genetically, e hoʻemi hou ʻia ka nui o nā pesticides, akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe wahi nui no ka hoʻemi hou ʻana i nā pesticides.
Papa Organophosphate:Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻawahia a me ka hopena kaohi haʻahaʻa o kēia ʻano pesticides, ua emi ke koi o ka mākeke, ʻoiai me ka pāpā piha ʻana o nā pesticides ʻawahia loa, e emi hou aku ka nui.
Papa Carbamates:Loaʻa i nā pesticides Carbamate nā ʻano o ke koho ikaika, ka pono kiʻekiʻe, ka laulā ākea, ka ʻawahia haʻahaʻa i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, ka maʻalahi o ka palaho a me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻawahia koena, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā ʻano me ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana: Indoxacarb, Isoprocarb, a me Carbosulfan.
Loaʻa iā Indoxacarb ka hana pepeke maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i nā mea ʻino lepidopteran, hiki ke kāohi i nā ʻano mea ʻino like ʻole i nā mea kanu like ʻole e like me nā palaoa, nā huaʻai, a me nā mea kanu, a he aloha i ke kaiapuni, a ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ke koi.
Papa Pyrethroids Hana ʻia:He emi ʻana mai ka makahiki i hala. E noho ana ʻo Beta-cyhalothrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, a me Bifenthrin i kahi māhele mākeke nui aʻe.
Papa Neonicotinoids:He piʻi aʻe mai ka makahiki i hala. E noho ʻo Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Thiamethoxam a me Nitenpyram i kahi ʻāpana nui aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo Thiacloprid, Clothianidin a me Dinotefuran e piʻi nui aʻe.
Papa Bisamide:He piʻi aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala. Loaʻa iā Chlorantraniliprole kahi māhele mākeke nui aʻe, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e piʻi aʻe ka cyantraniliprole.
Nā pesticides ʻē aʻe:Ua piʻi aʻe ke koi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala. ʻO nā mea e like me Pymetrozine, Monosultap, Abamectin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e noho i kahi ʻāpana nui aʻe.
Nā Acaricides:He emi ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala. I waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koi ʻia o ka hui ʻana o ka lime sulfur, Propargite, Pyridaben, Spirotetramat, a me Bifenazate.
Mea pepehi lāʻau make
Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi aʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fungicides i ka makahiki 2022.
ʻO nā ʻano me nā dosages nui aʻe:ʻO Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Thiophanate-methyl, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil,
ʻO Tebuconazole, Isoprothiolane, Prochloraz, Triazolone, Validamycin, Copper hydroxide, Difenoconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Propiconazole, Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Dimethomorph, bacillus subtilis, Procymidone, Hexaconazole, propamocarb hydrochloride, a pēlā aku.
ʻO nā ʻano me ka piʻi ʻana ma mua o 10% (ma ke kaʻina iho): Bacillus subtilis, Oxalaxyl, Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Hosethyl-aluminum, Diconazole, Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Triadimenol, Isoprothiolane, Prochloraz, etc.
Mea pepehi lāʻau lapaʻau
Ua piʻi aʻe nā lāʻau pepehi holoholona i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā nāhelehele kūʻē.
ʻO nā ʻano me ka huina hoʻopau ʻana ma mua o 2,000 tons (ma ke kaʻina iho): Glyphosate (paʻakai ammonium, paʻakai sodium, paʻakai potassium), Acetochlor, Atrazine, Glufosinate-ammonium, Butachlor, Bentazone, Metolachlor, 2,4D, Pretilachlor.
Nā lāʻau make lāʻau ʻaʻole koho:Ma hope o ka pāpā ʻia ʻana o Paraquat, ua lilo ka lāʻau pepehi kanaka pili hou ʻo Diquat i huahana wela ma muli o kona wikiwiki o ka wehe ʻana i nā nāhelehele a me ka laulā o ka laulā o nā lāʻau make lāʻau, ʻoiai no nā nāhelehele kūʻē i ka Glyphosate a me Paraquat.
ʻO Glufosinate-ammonium:Ke piʻi nei ka ʻae ʻia ʻana e ka poʻe mahiʻai, a ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka uku.
Nā lāʻau make lāʻau hou i kū i nā lāʻau lapaʻau:ua piʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana o Halauxifen-methyl, Quintrione, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-23-2022
